Голова дятла, долбящего дерево, при каждом ударе движется со скоростью около 6 метров в секунду, подвергаясь при этом огромной перегрузке. Почему же у него не повреждается мозг?..
Ученые уже давно изучают анатомию черепа дятлов, пытаясь понять, как им удается с такой силой стучать по деревьям, не причиняя себе при этом никакого вреда. Оказалось, что мозг этих птиц плотно прилегает к черепу, и поэтому у него просто физически нет места для движения. Кроме того, мозг дятла больше вытянут по вертикали, чем по горизонтали и, таким образом, нагрузка распределяется на большей площади.
Петлеобразная подъязычная кость, проходящая вокруг всего черепа птицы, действует как своеобразный ремень безопасности, особенно в первые мгновения после удара клювом. Длина верхней и нижней части клюва птицы различна, и эта асимметрия по мере передачи силы от кончика клюва к кости снижает нагрузку на мозг. Наконец, эксперты установили, что равномерному распределению этой нагрузки и, как следствие, защите мозга способствуют также пластинчатые кости с губчатой структурой в разных точках черепа.
Мозг дятлов защищен от повреждений именно благодаря сочетанию всех этих факторов, а не какой-то одной отдельной особенности.
Head woodpecker pecking a tree, exposed to an overload of 1000 times the acceleration of free fall
Head woodpecker pecking a tree, with each stroke moves at a speed of 6 meters per second, being subjected to enormous congestion. Why is it that it is not damaged brain?Scientists have long studied the anatomy of the skull of woodpeckers, trying to understand how they manage with such a force to knock the trees without causing myself any harm by it. It was found that the brains of these birds is tight to the skull, and therefore he is physically no room for movement. In addition, brain woodpecker more elongated vertically than horizontally, and thus, the load is distributed over a larger area.
Loop-like hyoid bone, which passes around the skull bird acts as a kind of safety belt, especially in the first moments after hitting the beak. The length of the upper and lower beak bird is different, and this asymmetry as the transmission of force from the tip of the beak to the bone reduces the load on the brain. Finally, experts have determined that a uniform distribution of load and, therefore, protect the brain also contribute to the lamellar structure of cancellous bone in different parts of the skull.
Brain woodpecker is protected from damage due to a combination of all these factors, rather than any one individual particular.
Head woodpecker pecking a tree, with each stroke moves at a speed of 6 meters per second, being subjected to enormous congestion. Why is it that it is not damaged brain?Scientists have long studied the anatomy of the skull of woodpeckers, trying to understand how they manage with such a force to knock the trees without causing myself any harm by it. It was found that the brains of these birds is tight to the skull, and therefore he is physically no room for movement. In addition, brain woodpecker more elongated vertically than horizontally, and thus, the load is distributed over a larger area.
Loop-like hyoid bone, which passes around the skull bird acts as a kind of safety belt, especially in the first moments after hitting the beak. The length of the upper and lower beak bird is different, and this asymmetry as the transmission of force from the tip of the beak to the bone reduces the load on the brain. Finally, experts have determined that a uniform distribution of load and, therefore, protect the brain also contribute to the lamellar structure of cancellous bone in different parts of the skull.
Brain woodpecker is protected from damage due to a combination of all these factors, rather than any one individual particular.
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